Chapter 9 Research
As you are recovering from the midterm (wasn't that fun?), this is the research topic for your blog comments.
The WiMAX standard. Consult credible sources on the Internet to explore the current status of WiMAX technology. Describe any barriers to commercial use and discuss the applications that show the most pormise. Explain which countries expect to benefit the most and why. Be sure to summarize, cite the sources, and include your name.
Blog on!
13 Comments:
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless “metropolitan area networks”. WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access up to 30 miles for fixed stations, and 3 – 10 miles for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 –300 feet.
With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.
WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.
The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the technical features of the communications protocol. The WiMAX Forum offers a means of testing manufacturer’s equipment for compatibility, as well as an industry group dedicated to fostering the development and commercialization of the technology.
WiMax.com provides a focal point for consumers, service providers, manufacturers, analysts, and researchers who are interested in WiMAX technology, services, and products. Soon, WiMAX will be a very well recognized term to describe wireless Internet access throughout the world
If you don’t want to read all of that (from Wimax’s site) here is the shortened verison:
The Wimax is a very good online broaband connection, that allows people to surf the web and play an unlimited amount of games (limited by your computer specs), it will work any where and is great for email and fast connections.
http://www.wififorbusiness.com
According to Guide to Networking Essentials, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) is one of the wireless standards under 802.16. WiMax comes in two flavors: 802.16-2004 (previously named 802.16a), or fixed WiMax, and 802.16e, or mobile WiMax. These standards promise wireless broadband to outlying and rural areas, where last-mile wired connections (the connections between service provider and homes or businesses) are too expensive or impractical because of rough terrain, and to mobile users so that they can maintain a high-speed connection while on the road. WiMax delivers up to 70 Mbps of bandwidth at distances up to 30 miles. It operates in a wide frequency range, from 2 to 66 GHz, although some products currently operate only in the lower end of that range (Tomsho, 2007).
Fixed WiMax can blanket an area up to a mile in radius, compared to just a few hundred feet for 802.11. The city of Los Angeles, CA has begun implementing fixed WiMax in an area of downtown that encompasses a 10 mile radius (Tomsho, 2007).
Mobile WiMax promises to bring broadband Internet roaming to the public. Although fixed WiMax can create a wider hot spot than 802.11 wireless networks, network users are still confined to the coverage area. After a user leaves the coverage area of a transmitting station, the connection is dropped. Mobile WiMax promises to allow users to roam from area to area without losing the connection, which offers mobility much like cell phone users enjoy. Many experts agree that fixed WiMax will be the dominant technology for several years, but mobile WiMax will win out in the end (Tomsho, 2007).
According to freewimaxinfocom, WiMax currently uses the 4G technology. 4G is short for Fourth Generation Wireless Technology. It is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. 4G communication speeds starts out at 100Mbps for mobile users and up to 1 Gbps over fixed stations. The word “MAGIC” also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands for mobile multimedia.
According to home-wlan.com, the advantages of WiMax are the following: single station can serve hundreds of users; much faster deployment of new users compared to wired networks; faster speeds at 10 kilometers within line of site; it is standardized. The barriers to commercial use are the following disadvantages: line of sight is needed for more distant connections; bad weather conditions could interrupt the signal; other wireless equipment could cause interference; multiplied frequencies are used; it is a very power consuming technology and requires significant electrical support; high installation and operational costs.
According to Wimax.com, the most promising and immediate application for mobile WiMax is mobile voice (cell phone) and data. A study predicts India to be the largest WiMax market in Asia by 2013. The study predicts India’s WiMAx subscriber base to reach 14 million by year 2013. Eventually WiMax growth will be much faster in smaller cities and rural towns. Consumer subscriptions in the developing Asian countries are forecast to grow at a rate of 132% through 2013 with subscribers reaching almost 27 million. China and India will be critical markets.
In summary, the future for WiMax technology is bright because the demand for this kind of technology will be in great demand in the future. Lots of companies will gain tremendous profits in implementing the technology and providing the resources to make it happen. This will totally change the lives of anyone living anywhere because of mobile communication.
Michael Simpson
References:
Tomsho, G., Tittel, E., & Johnson, D. 2007. Guide to Networking Essentials: Wireless Networking. 5th edition. Boston, MA.
http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/030810-4g-2010.html
http://www.wimax.com/education/wimax/mobile
WiMAX is short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and was developed to provide wireless connectivity over long distances. Other options for internet are: broadband wireline, WiFi, and even dial-up. Each one has its own issues: broadband is expensive and not available in country areas; WiFi has very limited range, limiting its coverage, and dial-up is slow and requires higher speeds for downloading today’s applications. WiMAX resolves all three: it offers high-speed connection, has a range that exceeds WiFi , and could lower the price paid for internet.
WiMAX consists of two hardware components: a WiMAX tower and a WiMAX receiver. The tower provides coverage of up to a 30 mile radius and it can potentially deliver up to 70 Mbit/s. “The receiver can be anything from a large building-mounted antenna to a small appliance, a laptop card, or even a built-in chip, like the WiFi receivers in PC’s and laptops today.”
WiMAX could affect broadband internet access in the way cell phones have affected how people use their phones. Just as people gave up their land lines for cell phones, WiMAX has the potential to replace cable and DSL services. This will provide subscribers wireless internet everywhere, and even people in the rural areas will be able to receive this connectivity. Gaming can benefit most from WiMAX because it delivers higher speed enabling games to run more smoothly. All countries that are technologically advanced can benefit from WiMAX. Not only can more people access the internet and use it more often, but having WiMAX will also create jobs, stimulating the economy.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax.htm
http://4g-wirelessevolution.tmcnet.com/topics/4g-wirelessevolution/articles/what-is-wimax.htm
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) standard designated 802.16-2004 (fixed wireless applications) and 802.16e-2005 (mobile wire-less), that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. What we are used to right now (WiFi) wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet.
WiMAX has the potential to replace a number of existing telecommunications infrastructures. In a fixed wireless configuration it can replace the telephone company's copper wire networks, the cable TV's coaxial cable infrastructure while offering Internet Service Provider (ISP) services. In its mobile variant, WiMAX has the potential to replace cellular networks.
Although it may look great for WiMax future, there are problems that are still being worked on like security problems in connectivity, inefficient transmitters, resulting in poor battery life indicators, and solution trade-offs with speed, range, and performance.
These problems may not be as isolated as one might think as possibly shown in the poor fielding of WiBro in South Korea, the disastrous opening (and closing) of Buzz Broadband in Australia, or the problems being associated with Reliance WiMax in India.
In addition the Wimax future depends a lot on emerging markets, the BRIC Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) will play a huge role in which system (WiMax or LTE)( Long Term Evolution) is the project name of a new high performance air interface for cellular mobile communication systems. It is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. Where the current generation of mobile telecommunication networks are collectively known as 3G (for "third generation"), LTE is marketed as 4G.). The lower than expected subscriber numbers in South Korea, and Sprint’s much lower than projected sign up rate for Clearwire have some analysts fearing that a poor WiMax fielding in the BRIC counties and Europe will produce a niche technology for the US and degrade the Worldwide fielding that is needed for developing countries.
All and all, it will boil down to which system (WiMax, LTE, iBurst, NoLA) can bring the biggest bang for the buck to developing markets. LTE has an advantage of being able to use old telecommunications infrastructure, whereas WiMax is backward compatable, and many area (Russia for example) are already building WiMax technology into it devices. It has been written as coming down to an “economy of scale” issue.
Ted McHugh
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/tech/2007/10/133_11924.html
http://gigaom.com/2009/08/25/wimaxs-future-is-in-emerging-markets/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution
http://arstechnica.com/old/content/2008/03/wimax-body-slam-met-with-pile-driver-from-its-many-backers.ars
http://www.wimax.com/education
http://community.zdnet.co.uk/blog/0,1000000567,10008378o-2000331777b,00.htm
Timothy
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).
With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.
WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.
WiMAX, meaning Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. The technology provides up to 10 Mbps [1] broadband speed without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (also called Broadband Wireless Access). The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX[2] as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
http://www.wimax.com/education
WiMAX has the potential to do to broadband Internet access what cell phones have done to phone access. In the same way that many people have given up their "land lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could replace cable and DSL services, providing universal Internet access just about anywhere you go. WiMAX will also be as painless as WiFi -- turning your computer on will automatically connect you to the closest available WiMAX antenna.
WiFi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger line-of-sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitter's 30-mile radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.
The final step in the area network scale is the global area network (GAN). The proposal for GAN is IEEE 802.20. A true GAN would work a lot like today's cell phone networks, with users able to travel across the country and still have access to the network the whole time. This network would have enough bandwidth to offer Internet access comparable to cable modem service, but it would be accessible to mobile, always-connected devices like laptops or next-generation cell phones.
The launch of Clearwire’s venture, Clear (formerly Sprint's Xohm), in the United States cities of Baltimore, MD and Portland, OR, and the growing pre-buzz around so-called “4G” mobile have helped stoke (or in some cases revive) interest in Wi-Fi’s municipal area big brother,. But as we’ll see in this multi-part series on WiMAX around the world, its momentum and prospects for the future vary dramatically by region.
Indeed, there is some variation even within regions, as we’ll see in this first installment, in which we look at the UK and Ireland. WiMAX has seen some modest success in both countries, but as in other developed markets, it is in tough against 3G wireless.
In future installments, we’ll look at Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa (very interesting), Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and North America.
Spectrum holdings are only part of the Clearwire story. The company is also well-backed, including by partner Sprint, the number three national player in the U.S. cellular market—and the only one to opt for WiMAX rather than LTE for 4G.
“The other carriers will have to adapt to that and it will be painful,” Gabriel says. “It will hit their margins.”
Neighbors to the north
The situation in Canada, meanwhile, conforms more to what might be expected in a developed economy. Inukshuk Wireless, a joint venture between incumbent telephone company Bell Canada and Rogers, a major TV cable and Internet access provider, looked initially as if it might play a role similar to Clearwire’s in the U.S.
But Inukshuk’s momentum has slowed and it now appears to be focusing on serving remote regions of the country. “We increasingly don’t hear much from them and they don’t have a lot to say about their progress,” Gabriel says. Inukshuk declined an interview request from Wi-Fi Planet.
Gabriel speculates that Bell, which has committed to LTE for 4G, may be unwilling to promote a WiMAX service in major centers for fear of giving the technology a toe hold in markets where it would compete with its own LTE-based service in the future.
The only other WiMAX operators in Canada are small local or regional players. Craig Wireless, an unusual west coast company with islands of coverage in Canada and Greece, is the only one with announced intentions of offering mobile WiMAX service.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/wimax.htm
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm
http://www.wifiplanet.com/news/article.php/3797926
http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/news/article.php/3836511
So lets talk about WiMax...
In short, a high power, microwave transmitted broadband signal, usable at the consumer level as wireless internet access. This has many advantages over the current traditional system of running cable. For home and business it means no holes drilled in calls, no cable connections running through the house, no costly T1 connections dug and installed. For may countries that are still just now moving out of the stone age and into the computer age, it would mean a greater access to the internet. Rather than having a completely physical backbone built, cables run all over, they would have a tower, and antennas or air cards for receiving a signal. This also holds true for rural areas that suffer from blackout because they don't have an ISP that provides service in remote areas. The downside is primarily speed vs. distance. The further away you want to transmit, the lower power you have to do it to maintain signal propagation. This is being addressed now with millimeter wave forms for use in high speed requirement. This is going to be crucial as many business convert to wireless web access. This will also be a major cost saving change, as the amount of equipment will be decreased at roughly the same price for the service.
As a WiMax user, Clearwire, I was part of the initial introduction of the technology. While it had its growing pains, the local system is quite reliable and operates at broadband speeds with little or no noticeable lag even during online game play, or using streaming media. This could also prove very valuable to the Government during crisis situations when they want to have a broadband access point, but due to weather events, or catastrophic situations cables are down or severed. WiMax could provide a stable and reliable web access for users needs.
As wireless technology grows and becomes more available I see WiMax and its other 4G based technologies becoming the primary web access method, while cable and DSL slowly dies a painful death.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm
http://www.wimax.com/
WiMAX doesn't just pose a threat to providers of DSL and cable-modem service. The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several different methods of data transmission, one of which is Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP allows people to make local, long-distance and even international calls through a broadband Internet connection, bypassing phone companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common, the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls.
www.intel.com
computer.howstuffworks.com
Catherine Alexander
WiMAX, IEEE 802.16, is an evolution of the 3G network. It allows for wirless connection over a large area much more quickly than 3G. It is a fourth generation technology(4G) seems to be the future of intrnet connection.
The new technology of WiMAX allows for fast reliable connection wirelessly anywhere you go. According to HowStuffWorks.com, a single WiMAX tower can provide wireless connection for up to 30 miles, as opposed to WiFi's 100-300ft. The towers are connected with a high bandwidth, wired connections, which can then connect wirelessly to other towers. Combined with each tower's large range WiMAX could allow for an almos global connection, helping to alieviate the problems of black out areas.
This technology would be useful to anyone who travels and needs constant internet connection, such as businessmen. In American it would be most valuable in rural or suburban areas, where internet cables have not yet reached. It would be helpful in developing countries.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax2.htm
http://www.wimax.com/commentary/blog/blog-2010/april-2010/cnn-takes-a-look-at-wimax-evo-4g-0412
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfnmF-QmnqQ
IEEE 802.16 Specifications
•Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station
•Speed - 70 megabits per second
•Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station
•Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and unlicensed bands)
•Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-layer specifications (See
This system is actually coming into being right now, and it is called WiMAX. WiMAX is short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, and it also goes by the IEEE name 802.16.
WiMAX has the potential to do to broadband Internet access what cell phones have done to phone access. In the same way that many people have given up their "land lines" in favor of cell phones, WiMAX could replace cable and DSL services, providing universal Internet access just about anywhere you go. WiMAX will also be as painless as WiFi -- turning your computer on will automatically connect you to the closest available WiMAX antenna.
•A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).
•A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today.
•There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles.
•There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.
WiFi-style access will be limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius (perhaps 25 square miles or 65 square km of coverage, which is similar in range to a cell-phone zone). Through the stronger line-of-sight antennas, the WiMAX transmitting station would send data to WiMAX-enabled computers or routers set up within the transmitter's 30-mile radius (2,800 square miles or 9,300 square km of coverage). This is what allows WiMAX to achieve its maximum range.
The final step in the area network scale is the global area network (GAN). The proposal for GAN is IEEE 802.20. A true GAN would work a lot like today's cell phone networks, with users able to travel across the country and still have access to the network the whole time. This network would have enough bandwidth to offer Internet access comparable to cable modem service, but it would be accessible to mobile, always-connected devices like laptops or next-generation cell phones.
I am just amazed how fast technology is moving, and how far behind I am falling behind on technology. There is many countries that could use WiMAX, but being greedy that I am. I keep it in the U.S. The way things are moving you never know we might not need towers, cable lines, or phone lines. Everything could be beamed down from satalites, without all the towers in the way.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm
Richard
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) standard designated 802.16-2004 (fixed wireless applications) and 802.16e-2005 (mobile wire-less), that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. What we are used to right now (WiFi) wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet.
WiMAX has the potential to replace a number of existing telecommunications infrastructures. In a fixed wireless configuration it can replace the telephone company's copper wire networks, the cable TV's coaxial cable infrastructure while offering Internet Service Provider (ISP) services. In its mobile variant, WiMAX has the potential to replace cellular networks.
Although it may look great for WiMax future, there are problems that are still being worked on like security problems in connectivity, inefficient transmitters, resulting in poor battery life indicators, and solution trade-offs with speed, range, and performance.
These problems may not be as isolated as one might think as possibly shown in the poor fielding of WiBro in South Korea, the disastrous opening (and closing) of Buzz Broadband in Australia, or the problems being associated with Reliance WiMax in India.
WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16, that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).
With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened. WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.
WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances.
is alsoallows people to surf the web and play an unlimited amount of games (limited by your computer specs), it will work any where and is great for email and fast connections.
WiMax or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecom technology that provides fully mobile broadband access. The current WiMax standard is is the IEEE 802.16e which provides of downstream of up to 40Mbps. The next release of 802.16m will provide a downstream of up to 1Gbit/s. The current standard also lacks the necessary bandwidth to provide a viable to replacement to cable connections in today's growing commercial environment.
WiMax has an astounding range compared to other means of wireless communication and speed. using a stronger "Line of Sight" to transmit signals to a "Non Line of Sight" Transmitter WiMax towers can broadcast to ranges of up to 30 Miles. Current WiFi and Cell towers have a range of only 4 to 6 Miles.
WiMax brings connection to those that were previously disconnected. In less advanced countries like India, and countries like who communication infrastructure was wiped out such as Indonesia. Countries such as these lack the ability to administer reliable service, but with WiMax supporting the telecom needs of these countries people can communicate with the world.
Jesse L.
SOURCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax1.htm
http://www.wimaxforum.org/news
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